ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the effects of two methods of marking surface landmarks on the patient’s positional stability when using a multifunctional body board in combination with thermoplastics to fix the abdominal and pelvic areas for radiotherapy patients.Methods:50 subjects who underwent positional fixation using a multifunctional body board in combination with thermoplastics from August 2022 to January 2023. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, with 25 cases each, according to the different methods of body surface marking. In group A, landmarks were marked on the body surface on the top edge of the thermoplastics. In group B, three sets of surface landmarks were marked on the patient’s body according to the laser line on the projection of the patient’s body surface when the thermoplastics were completed. Manual registration is performed using L3 to L5 as the main registration targets. The pre-treatment CBCT image is used to analyze the first-time positioning pass rate, setup errors in the x-, y-, and z-axis directions, and the distribution of positive and negative setup errors in both groups of patients. Results:The pass rates of the first-time positioning of patients in Groups A and B were 76.9% and 86.1%, respectively, which met the clinical requirements. Group B had a better first-time positioning pass rate than group A, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The pendulum errors of group B were smaller than those of group A in both the x-axis and y-axis (all P < 0.05), and the difference between the two groups in terms of the pendulum errors in the z-axis direction was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The difference in the frequency distribution of the pendulum error in the positive and negative directions of the x- and z-axis between the two groups was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The difference in the frequency of distribution of the pendulum error in the positive and negative directions of the y-axis between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The proposed two methods of surface landmark marking are generally in line with the positioning requirements for conventional fractionation radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic patients. Using a laser line on the projection of the patient’s body surface for three sets of surface landmark markings produces smaller setup errors and is better than using the top edge of the thermoplastics for surface landmark markings, improving the positional stability of abdominal and pelvic patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of hydrogen on mitochondrial function in cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats. Methods 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(sham group),brain I/R injury group(MOD group),hydrogen treatment group(H2group). 24 hours after reperfusion,the neurological deficit scoring was performed. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(△ψm),permeability openness(MPTP),ROS production rate and mitochondrial swelling were detected. Results Compared with the Sham group,neurological deficit score,MPTP openness,mitochondrial swelling degree and ROS production rate were increased in the MOD group(P<0.01),△ψm levels were reduced(P<0.01). Compared with the MOD group,the neurological deficit score,MPTP openness,mitochondrial swelling degree and ROS production rate were decreased in H2group(P<0.01),△ψm levels increased(P<0.01). Conclusions Simul-taneous intraperitoneal injection of pure hydrogen can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species,protect the mitochondrial function of neuronal cells in the ischemic region after brain I/R,improvement the rat brain I/R after the neurological scoring.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen on mitochondrial membrane potential during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Eighty-four healthy adult male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-240 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=28 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),I/R group and hydrogen group (H2 group).Focal cerebral I/R was produced by mid-cerebral artery occlusion in I/R and H2 groups.Hydrogen 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after onset of reperfusion and at 12 h of reperfusion in group H2.Neurological deficit was scored at 24 h of reperfusion.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues in cortex were removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes and for determination of cerebral infarct size (by TFC staining),nerve cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),mitochondrial membrane potential (by JC-1 staining) and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax (by Western blot).Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with Sham group,the neurological deficit score,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly increased,the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased,Bax expression in brain tissues was up-regulated,and Bcl-2 expression in brain tissues was down-regulated in I/R and H2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the neurological deficit score,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,the mitochondrial membrane potential was increased,Bax expression in brain tissues was down-regulated,and Bcl-2 expression in brain tissues was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes of brain tissues were significantly attenuated in H2 group.Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen reduces focal cerebral I/R injury is related to decreasing dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting nerve cell apoptosis in rats.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for strengthening drug regulation in drug administration department. METH-ODS:Drug regulatory statistical yearbooks during 2011-2015 were collected. Literature analysis,content analysis,comparative analysis and secondary analysis were conducted to analyze and explore the drug production license,business license,advertising ap-proval,protection of TCM varieties,drug complaints,investigation and punishment of drug cases,etc. in statistical yearbook. RE-SULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The number of drug manufacturers and operating enterprises had been increasing year by year,while the retail chain stores in certified enterprises showed tendency to go beyond the single retail pharmacy. Compared with the down-ward trend of number of approved drug advertisements,the number of protected varieties of TCM decreased more obviously. The increase in number of drug complaints did not cause the number of investigated and punished drug cases at the same time,which showed a downward trend. It is suggested to further improve the quality and efficiency of drug regulatory work in China by strict drug production license approval,reforming drug advertising regulation and TCM varieties protection system,intensifying efforts to investigate and punish drug complaints and cases,and playing the supervision of public opinion role of the media and the masses.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish an effective technical system to achieve the informatization management in drug produc-tion process,and provide reference for the drug informatization management during production process in China. METHODS:Through analyzing the common problems existing in informatization management in drug production process,above problems were solved by interactive integration marketing system(IIMS)based on mobile internet. Informatization supervision was conducted for the production progress of a batch of drugs in a pharmaceutical production enterprise,and feasibility of the technical system was in-vestigated. RESULTS:There were problems commonly existed in the production process,such as supervision and data collection out of touch,no advanced means,delayed and closed informatization transmission,high cost of informatization collection,hard to develop,etc. IIMS consisted of transit label,informatization collection terminal and monitoring management platform had achieved batch production records paperless data interaction and solved informatization interaction and supervision issues in process of drug quality. In the actual study,IIMS totally supervised 15 links from raw materials purchasing to finished products,and all data were successfully collected. IIMS achieved the real-time remote control of data to make the government easy to regulate,without chang-ing the operational processes,and did not cause economic burden to the enterprises. CONCLUSIONS:The technical system is suit-able for the informatization management in drug production process in pharmaceutical production enterprise,and it can be extended to the scientific research institutes and drug supervision departments in the further.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of inhaling high concentration of hydrogen gas on the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) related protein glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78),Caspase-12 and the neural cell apoptosis and related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in the rats with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods Seventy-two healthy SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and then randomly divided into the control group(Ⅰ:without any treatment),sham operation group (Ⅱ),cerebral IRI group (Ⅲ) and hydrogen gas treatment group (Ⅳ),18 cases in each group.Focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced by using the suture-occluded method.The neurological deficits score (NDS) was assessed at 24 h after cerebral reperfusion in four groups.The cerebral infarction severity and size were detected by TTC staining and neuronal apoptosis of brain cortex were tested by TUNEL technique.The apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Then the expressions of GRP78,Caspase-12,Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results As compared with the group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,NDS score,cerebral infarction size,AI and the expressions of GRP78,Caspase-12 and Bax in cerebral cortex in the group Ⅲl and Ⅳ were significantly increased,while the expression of Bcl-2 in cerebral cortex was markedly decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the group Ⅲ,NDS score,brain infarction size,AI and the expression of Caspase-12 and Bax in cerebral cortex in the group Ⅳ were markedly decreased,while the expressions of GRP78 and Bcl-2 were dramatically increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Inhaling high concentration of hydrogen gas has a certain protective effect on cerebral IRI in rats through increasing endoplasmic reticulum GRP78 protein expression after IRI and inhibiting Caspase-12 activation,thus inhibiting ERS and promoting the repair function of endoplasmic reticulum.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3?kinase∕protein kinase B∕glycogen synthase kinase?3β ( PI3K∕Akt∕GSK?3β) signaling pathway in hydrogen?induced inhibition of neuronal ap?optosis induced by focal cerebral ischemia?reperfusion ( I∕R) in rats. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy adult male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=24 each) u?sing a random number table: sham operation group ( group S); cerebral I∕R group ( group I∕R); hydrogen group (group H2); LY294002 (specific PI3K inhibitor) group (group LY); LY294002+hydrogen group ( group LY+H2 ) . Focal cerebral I∕R was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 h followed by 24 h reperfusion. In H2 and H2+LY groups, the animals inhaled 67% H2+33% O2 for 2 h starting from onset of reperfusion, and then inhaled H2 for 2 h every 6 h. In LY and LY+ H2 groups, LY294002 ( 10 mmol∕L) 10 μl was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle at 10 min before reperfusion. Neurologic defi?cit was evaluated and scored ( NDS) at 24 h of reperfusion. The rats were then sacrificed, and the brains were removed for measurement of the cerebral infarct size ( by TTC staining) and apoptosis in cortical neu?rons ( by TUNEL) and for determination of the expression of Akt in the ischemic cerebral cortex, phospho?rylated Akt ( p?Akt) , GSK?3β and phosphorylated GSK?3β ( p?GSK?3β) and Bcl?2 and Bax positive cell count in the ischemic cerebral cortex ( by immuno?histochemistry) . The apoptosis index ( AI) , p?Akt∕Akt ratio and p?GSK?3β∕GSK3?β ratio were calculated. Results Compared with group S, the NDS, cerebral infarct size, AI, p?Akt∕Akt ratio, p?GSK?3β∕GSK?3β ratio and Bax positive cell count were significantly increased, and the Bcl?2 positive cell count was significantly decreased in group I∕R ( P0?05) . Compared with group H2 , the NDS, cerebral infarct size, AI and Bax positive cell count were significantly increased, and the p?Akt∕Akt ratio, p?GSK?3β∕GSK?3βratio and Bcl?2 positive cell count were significantly decreased in group LY+H2 ( P<0?05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen inhibits focal cerebral I∕R?induced neuronal apoptosis is associated with the activation of PI3K∕Akt∕GSK?3β signaling pathway in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of high concentration hydrogen gas on neurons in the rat hippocampus CA1 region during global cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (GCIR) Methods Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish rat model with GCIR injury. One hundred and five healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SH group, n = 15), model group(4-VO group, n = 45) and treatment group(4-VO+H2 group,n = 45). After 72 h and 9 d reperfusion, hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons in every group were detected with Nissle staining , immunohistochemical neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), specific protein antibody microglial cells (Iba1) staining and the relationship of position between neurons and microglia was observed through fluorescence double staining. We used Morris water maze to test the space orientation ability and the learning and memory ability in rats after 9 d reperfusion. Results Compared with those of 4-VO group,the neurons of hippocampus CA1 region were closer to normal in 72 h and 9 d in 4-VO+H2 group and neuron form and the number of neuron survival were increased significantly (P < 0.05);immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of neuron survival in 4-VO+H 2 group was obviously higher than that in 4-VO group (P < 0.05) and the number of microglia in 4-VO group was obviously higher than that in 4-VO+H2 group (P < 0.05). Water maze experiment showed that the swimming time in quadrant Ⅳ in 4-VO+H2 group was longer than that in 4-VO group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of high concentration hydrogen gas has prominent protective effect on neurons of rat hippocampal CA1 region during reperfusion. The mechanism may be related with inhibiting the microglia excitation and activation during GCIR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of lattice silver wound repair dressings on large-area abrased wounds . Methods A total of 60 patients with large-area skin abrasions were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with the same antibacterial treatment and nutritional support treatment. The control group received conventional general routine dressings and the observation group had the silver wound repair dressings every day. The two groups were compared in terms of the wound pain, wound infection rate, time for wound healing and scars of patients. Results The wound healing time in the observation group was significantly shortened (P<0.01). The scaring of the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.01). The pain degree and the exudation rate were both significantly lower in the observation group than those of the control group (P<0.01), and wound infection rate was lower than that of control group. Conclusions The lattice silver wound repair dressing can effectively promote the wound healing, shorten hospitalization duration, promote the patient recovery soon. It is simple and worthy of clinical popularization.
ABSTRACT
Parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells isolated from parthenogenetic activation of oocytes and embryos, also called parthenogenetically induced pluripotent stem cells, exhibit pluripotency evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo differentiation potential. Differential proteomic analysis was performed using differential in-gel electrophoresis and isotope-coded affinity tag-based quantitative proteomics to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental pluripotency of pES cells and to compare the protein expression of pES cells generated from either the in vivo-matured ovulated (IVO) oocytes or from the in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes with that of fertilized embryonic stem (fES) cells derived from fertilized embryos. A total of 76 proteins were upregulated and 16 proteins were downregulated in the IVM pES cells, whereas 91 proteins were upregulated and 9 were downregulated in the IVO pES cells based on a minimal 1.5-fold change as the cutoff value. No distinct pathways were found in the differentially expressed proteins except for those involved in metabolism and physiological processes. Notably, no differences were found in the protein expression of imprinted genes between the pES and fES cells, suggesting that genomic imprinting can be corrected in the pES cells at least at the early passages. The germline competent IVM pES cells may be applicable for germ cell renewal in aging ovaries if oocytes are retrieved at a younger age.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cell Line , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Parthenogenesis , Physiology , Pluripotent Stem Cells , Metabolism , Proteomics , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To understand the prevalence and cause of eye diseases in the middle and old aged population in community was of important significance for the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases.The present study attempts to survey the prevalence of common eye diseases and conditions of blindness and low vision in 50 years and older population in community of Beijing.MethodsThis was an ophthalmologic epidemiology survey.The 2 833 target population was included and registered in Western Chang'an street community in door-to-door and questionnaire manner between October,2006-October,2007.Multiple factors,such as demography,general conditions,lifestyles,education degree,economical status,medical status and the awareness of relevant ophthalmic knowledge of participants were recorded and evaluated.Relevant eye examinations including uncorrected visual acuity,pinhole visual acuity,non-contact intraocular pressure test,slit-lamp,funduscopy and optometry examinations were performed in Beijing No.2 Hospital by trained ophthalmologists.Blindness and low vision were evaluated based on WHO criteria.The causes of leading-blindness and low vision were analyzed.Oral informed consent was obtained from all of the subjects.Results2 410 individuals of 2 833≥50-year-old participants received complete surveys according to the designed process in this study with an examined rate of 85.07%.The incidence of blindness and low vision in examinees was 0.79% and 5.64% respectively.The positive factors related to blindness and low vision appeared to be age,education and an awareness of relevant ophthalmic knowledge (χ~2=26.62,18.28,21.32,P＜0.001).The primary causes of blindness in examined population,in order,were cataract,glaucoma and retinopathy,and those of low vision were cataracts,refractive error and diabetic retinopathy.ConclusionIt is emphasized that early prevention and treatment for cataract,glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy and refractive errors can reduce the prevalence of blindness and low vision in people over 50 years in the Western Chang'an street community of Beijing.